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|death_place = Bucharest, Romania |fields = Medicine |workplaces = |alma_mater = |known_for = discovered antidiabetic hormone released by the pancreas called insulin later }} Nicolae Constantin Paulescu ((:nikoˈla.e pa.uˈlesku); 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, the discoverer of ''pancreine'' (later called insulin). The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine pancreas in salted water, after which some impurites were removed with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Paulescu was also, with A. C. Cuza, co-founder of the National Christian Union and later, of the National-Christian Defense League in Romania. ==Early life and activities== Born in Bucharest, he was the first of four children of father Costache Paulescu and mother Maria Paulescu. He displayed remarkable abilities as early as his first school years. He learned French, Latin and Ancient Greek at an early age, so that a few years later he became fluent in all these languages and was able to read classical works of Latin and Greek literature in the original. He also had a particular gift for drawing and music and special inclinations towards natural sciences, such as physics and chemistry. He graduated from the Mihai Viteazul High School in Bucharest, in 1888. In the autumn of 1888, Paulescu left for Paris, where he enrolled in medical school. In 1897 he graduated with a Doctor of Medicine degree, and was immediately appointed as assistant surgeon at the ''Notre-Dame du Perpétuel-Secours'' Hospital. In 1900, Paulescu returned to Romania, where he remained until his death (1931) as Head of the Physiology Department of the University of Bucharest Medical School, as well as a Professor of Clinical Medicine at the ''St. Vincent de Paul'' Hospital in Bucharest. In 1916, he succeeded in developing an aqueous pancreatic extract which, when injected into a diabetic dog, proved to have a normalizing effect on blood sugar levels. Shortly after completing the experiments, he was called to service in the Romanian army. 〔Kara Rogers, ''Nicolas C. Paulescu'' Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013〕After World War I, he resumed his research. From 24 April to 23 June 1921, Paulescu published four papers at the Romanian Section of the Society of Biology in Paris: * The effect of the pancreatic extract injected into a diabetic animal by way of the blood. * The influence of the time elapsed from the intravenous pancreatic injection into a diabetic animal. * The effect of the pancreatic extract injected into a normal animal by way of the blood. An extensive paper on this subject – ''Research on the Role of the Pancreas in Food Assimilation'' – was submitted by Paulescu on 22 June to the ''Archives Internationales de Physiologie'' in Liège, Belgium, and was published in the August 1921 issue of this journal. The method used by Paulescu to prepare his pancreatic extract, as published in the Archives Internationales de Physiologie in 1921, was similar to a procedure described by the American researcher Israel S. Kleiner in an article published in 1919 in Journal of Biological Chemistry. Using his procedure, Kleiner had been able to demonstrate significant reductions in the concentration of blood and urinary glucose after intravenous injections of his extract. Furthermore, Paulescu secured the patent rights for his method of manufacturing ''pancreine'' on 10 April 1922 (patent no. 6254) from the Romanian Ministry of Industry and Trade. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nicolae Paulescu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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